CAS 124-38-9 · TSCA · United States of America

Carbon dioxide (CO2) under TSCA

CO2 · 二氧化碳

Status: Listed. Carbon dioxide is on the TSCA Inventory and currently listed as TSCA Active. **OSHA PEL for carbon dioxide at 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1: 5000 ppm 8-hr TWA (verify against https://www.osha.gov/annotated-pels before relying); NIOSH REL: 5000 ppm 8-hr TWA + 30000 ppm STEL (verify against cdc.gov/niosh).** NOT on EPA RMP threshold list. NOT on DEA scheduling. NOT on California Proposition 65 (verify against OEHHA https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list before relying on negative listing). **NO direct US AD/CVD on carbon dioxide** (CO2 itself is not a tradable customs commodity at scale). **EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) 40 CFR Part 98** requires emissions reporting from US stationary CO2 emitters above thresholds (verify against https://www.ecfr.gov/ before relying); CO2 is the central currency of the GHGRP. **Inflation Reduction Act 2022 Section 45Q tax credit for carbon capture and sequestration / utilisation** (45Q rates updated post-IRA: $85/tCO2 sequestered + $60/tCO2 utilised + $130/tCO2 direct-air-capture sequestered; verify current rates and qualified-capture-source thresholds against IRS guidance before relying). **Food-grade GRAS** under 21 CFR 184.1240 (verify against https://www.ecfr.gov/ before relying); USP / NF monograph applies for medical CO2. Major US domestic industrial-gas producers: Linde plc Bridgewater New Jersey + Praxair (now part of Linde) US operations, Air Products and Chemicals Allentown Pennsylvania, Air Liquide Houston Texas + Pasadena Texas + La Porte Texas operations, Messer Group (formerly part of Linde) US operations, Matheson Tri-Gas Basking Ridge New Jersey (verify each company-site pair against the producer's public website before relying).

US carbon dioxide lane: **OSHA PEL 5000 ppm + EPA GHGRP 40 CFR Part 98 stationary emitter reporting + IRA Section 45Q tax credit for CCUS ($85 / $60 / $130 per tCO2) + GRAS 21 CFR 184.1240 + USP / NF medical CO2**. NOT on Cal Prop 65. NO direct US AD/CVD. **CO2 is not merchant-imported at scale; market is captive-by-product**. Major US producers: Linde plc, Air Products, Air Liquide, Messer Group, Matheson Tri-Gas.

Listing and threshold

Substance Carbon dioxide (CO2) (CAS 124-38-9), CO2
Regime US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), administered by EPA
Jurisdiction United States of America
Status Listed
Tonnage threshold CDR threshold: 25,000 lb manufactured or imported per site per year

Classifications under this regime

  • OSHA HCS: Press. Gas (compressed) or Press. Gas (refrigerated liquefied) + simple-asphyxiant
  • OSHA PEL: 5000 ppm 8-hr TWA at 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 (verify against https://www.osha.gov/annotated-pels)
  • NIOSH REL: 5000 ppm 8-hr TWA + 30000 ppm STEL (verify against cdc.gov/niosh)
  • NOT subject to TSCA Section 6 Risk Evaluation
  • NOT on EPA RMP threshold list
  • NOT on DEA List I or List II
  • NOT on California Proposition 65 list (verify against OEHHA before relying on negative listing)
  • DOT 49 CFR 172.101: UN 1013 Class 2.2 (compressed) or UN 2187 Class 2.2 (refrigerated liquefied)
  • **EPA GHGRP 40 CFR Part 98** stationary emitter reporting (verify against https://www.ecfr.gov/)
  • **Food-grade GRAS** 21 CFR 184.1240 (verify against https://www.ecfr.gov/)
  • **USP / NF monograph** applies for medical CO2
  • IARC: Not classified

Restrictions and conditions of use

  • NO direct US AD/CVD on carbon dioxide (not a tradable customs commodity at scale)
  • OSHA PEL 5000 ppm 8-hr TWA + simple-asphyxiant handling
  • **EPA GHGRP 40 CFR Part 98 stationary emitter reporting**
  • **IRA Section 45Q tax credit for CCUS** ($85/tCO2 sequestered + $60/tCO2 utilised + $130/tCO2 direct-air-capture sequestered; verify current rates against IRS guidance)
  • Food-grade GRAS 21 CFR 184.1240 plus USP / NF medical CO2

Importer obligations

TSCA self-certification regime. **CO2 is not typically merchant-imported at scale; market is dominated by domestic captive-by-product sources from ammonia + SMR + ethanol-fermentation + power-plant flue-gas-capture vents.** Major US producers: Linde plc Bridgewater NJ + Praxair operations, Air Products Allentown PA, Air Liquide Houston TX + Pasadena TX + La Porte TX, Messer Group US operations, Matheson Tri-Gas Basking Ridge NJ.

Required documents

  • TSCA Section 13 Import Certification on customs entry (where applicable)
  • OSHA SDS (Press. Gas + simple-asphyxiant)
  • CBP Form 7501 with HS 281121
  • CDR filing every 4 years
  • DOT documentation for UN 1013 / UN 2187 Class 2.2
  • EPA GHGRP 40 CFR Part 98 reporting where applicable
  • IRA Section 45Q certification for CCUS qualifying captures
  • FDA / USP / NF certifications for food and medical grades

Common compliance traps

The pitfalls that have bitten importers on this lane in the past. None of these is theoretical.

  • OSHA PEL 5000 ppm 8-hr TWA + simple-asphyxiant
  • **EPA GHGRP 40 CFR Part 98 stationary emitter reporting**
  • **IRA Section 45Q tax credit for CCUS** is the dominant US trade-policy structure ($85 / $60 / $130 per tCO2 verify rates against IRS)
  • NO direct US AD/CVD on CO2
  • Food-grade GRAS 21 CFR 184.1240 plus USP / NF medical CO2
  • Major US producers: Linde / Praxair, Air Products, Air Liquide, Messer Group, Matheson Tri-Gas (verify each producer-site pair)

Where to read next

For substance-level identifiers (formula, molecular weight, SMILES, InChIKey), GHS hazard profile, IMDG transport class, and full sourcing reference for carbon dioxide (co2), see the CAS 124-38-9 sourcing reference.

For grade-by-grade buying notes, freight maths, supplier-tier pricing, and a worked landed-cost example, the carbon dioxide (co2) cornerstone hub covers the full sourcing chain.

For the structure and history of TSCA, see the TSCA glossary entry.

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Cross-jurisdiction profile and sourcing references

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